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Table 9
Comparison of This Study's Cost Estimates With Prior Estimates |
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Philips&Votey (1981)
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Cohen
Cohen (1988) |
NAS*
(1994) |
This
Study |
Klaus
(1994) |
| (a) Total Cost Per Victimization |
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| Rape |
$55,600 |
$68,500 |
$68,800 |
$87,000 |
---- |
| Robbery |
$10,800b |
$16,900 |
$24,400 |
$13,000 |
---- |
| Assault |
$13,800c |
$16,100 |
$21,000 |
$15,000 |
---- |
| MV Theft |
---- |
$4,200 |
---- |
$4,000 |
---- |
| Burglary |
---- |
$1,800 |
---- |
$1,500 |
---- |
| Larceny |
---- |
$240 |
---- |
$370 |
---- |
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| Rape |
---- |
$6,200 |
$8,000 |
$5,100 |
$240 |
| Robbery |
---- |
$1,500 |
$2,400 |
$2,300 |
$580 |
| Assault |
---- |
$570 |
$1,100 |
$1,550 |
$130 |
| MV Theft |
---- |
$4,100 |
---- |
$3,500 |
$4,200 |
| Burglary |
---- |
$1,800 |
---- |
$1,100 |
$870 |
| Larceny |
---- |
$240 |
---- |
$370 |
$230 |
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| Aggregate Estimates of Victim Costs (billions, in 1993 dollars) |
U.S. News
(1976) |
Cohen
(1988) |
Cohen
Miller &
Rossman
(1994) |
Miller,
Cohen &
Rossman
(1994) |
This
Study |
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| Fatal Crimesd |
e |
$50 |
$56 |
$56 |
$93 |
| Rape |
e |
$12 |
$10 |
$16 |
$127 |
| Robbery |
e |
$13 |
$19 |
$27 |
$11 |
| Assault |
e |
$33 |
$57 |
$112 |
$93 |
| Subtotal Personal Crimes |
$27 |
$108 |
$142 |
$211 |
$324 |
| MV Theft |
e |
$5 |
---- |
---- |
$7 |
| Burglary |
e |
$6 |
---- |
---- |
$9 |
| Larceny |
e |
$2 |
---- |
---- |
$9 |
| Arson |
e |
---- |
---- |
$1 |
$5 |
| Vandalism, Shoplifting, Fraud, Embezzlement |
e |
---- |
---- |
---- |
---- |
| Subtotal Crimes Against Property |
$63 |
$13 |
---- |
$1 |
$30 |
| Child Physical/Sexual Abuse |
---- |
---- |
---- |
---- |
$56 |
| Drunk Driving |
---- |
---- |
---- |
---- |
$41 |
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| Total |
$90 |
$121 |
$142 |
$212 |
$451 |
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Notes: All estimates have been updated to 1993 dollars based on the consumer price index.
(a) Costs per victimization estimates taken from Cohen, Miller, and Rossman (1994), and are very similar to estimates reported in Miller, Cohen, and Rossman (1993). Aggregate estimates from the latter source are slightly higher due to adjustments that were made to account for series victimization.(b) Assumes weapon used. If no weapon, $3,500.
(c) Assumes hospitalized, otherwise $3,150.
(d) This study includes fatal crimes of drunk driving, child abuse, and arson not included in previous studies.
(e) U.S. News (1976) did not provide crime specific estimates. These crimes are included in totals. |
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