a deliberate attempt to harm the child. Few States require Child Protective Services (CPS) to report cases that they substantiate to the police. Instead, CPS and Family Courts resolve many cases. Criminally neglected children are victims and may require outside intervention if they are to become productive members of society. However, using the same methodology employed for child abuse (applying capture-recapture modeling to the 1986 NIS data), an estimated 1.7 million children were neglected. This includes about 1,236,000 children who were physically neglected and another 475,000 who were subject to educational neglect. These estimates are for children who were not otherwise child abuse victims.

Personal fraud. According to a National Institute of Justice survey (Titus, Heinzelmann, and Boyle, 1995), 24 million Americans experience more than 38 million fraud attempts annually. The survey defined fraud as "involving the deliberate attempt to deceive with promises of goods, services, or other financial benefits that in fact do not exist or that were never intended to be provided."

Drug abuse. According to the 1992 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, about 11 percent of Americans age 12 or older admitted using an illicit drug at least once within the past year. This translates into approximately 22.8 million drug users. However, only about half of that number reported using an illicit drug within the past month. One estimate is that about 5.5 million Americans are "in need of treatment" (ONDCP, 1991).